Oral health in China: from vision to action / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Chinese president Xi Jinping made clear at the National Health and Wellness Conference that health is the prerequisite for people's all-around development and a precondition for the sustainable development of China. Oral health is an indispensable component of overall health in humans. However, the long neglect of oral health in overall health agendas has made oral diseases an increasing concern. With this perspective, we described the global challenges of oral diseases, with an emphasis on the challenges faced by China. We also described and analyzed the recently released health policies of the Chinese government, which aim to guide mid-term and long-term oral health promotion in China. More importantly, we called for specific actions to fulfill the larger goal of oral health for the nation. The implementation of primordial prevention efforts against oral diseases, the integration of oral health into the promotion of overall health, and the management of oral diseases in conjunction with other chronic non-communicable diseases with shared risk factors were highly recommended. In addition, we suggested the reform of standard clinical residency training, the development of domestic manufacturing of dental equipment and materials, the revitalization traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, and integration of oral health promotion into the Belt and Road Initiative. We look forward to seeing a joint effort from all aspects of the society to fulfill the goal of Healthy China 2030 and ensure the oral health of the nation.

Evaluation of Upper Airway Obstruction in Obese OSAHS with Multislice Spiral CT / 医学研究杂志

Objective To explore the morphological change of upper airway in obese patients with multislice spiral CT (MSCT) scan and post-processing techniques and to reveal the relationship between structural abnormalities and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods Adults with obesity were enrolled and divided into OSAHS group (n =25) and non-OSAHS group (n =25) based on polysomnography (PSG).MSCT covering upper airway was performed and measurements of soft tissue,bone structure and spatial structure of the upper airway were obtained from a 3-dimensional segmentation using image analysis.And their relationship between body mass index(BMI),neck circumference,apnea hyponea index(AHI) were analyzed.Results Compared with non-OSAHS control group,the area of the soft palate was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).The volume of the soft palate was further significantly increased (P ＜0.01);The cross-sectional area,anteroposterior diameter and volumes of the oropharynx in OSAHS group were decreased (P ＜ 0.05).The volume of the soft palate had significant positive correlation with BMI and AHI (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion MSCT can evaluate obese patients from 2 days and 3 days structure on airway obstruction and surrounding soft tissues,and these results suggest the soft palate volume may be associated with severity of OSAHS.

Three years follow-up observation and analysis of caries status of primary and permanent teeth among 652 6-year- old children in Sichuan Province / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the caries status of primary and permanent teeth among 6-year-old children in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2012.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A sample that comprised 652 6-year-old children from six different elementary schools (three represented the urban areas, and the other three represented the rural areas) were examined according to a baseline, with follow-up examinations at 1, 2, and 3 years. Eruption and caries experience were re- corded using World Health Organization criteria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence rates of primary tooth caries of 6-year-old children in Sichuan Province for 3 years were 74.23% (484/652), 75.61% (493/652), and 81.90% (534/652). The filling rate of the primary teeth was 5.87% (145/2,471) in 2012, with significant differences (P < 0.01) between the urban areas [10.84% (133/ 1,227)] and rural areas [0.96% (12/1,244)]. The total pit and fissure rate of the first molar was 14.11% (92/652) in 2012, with significant differences between the two areas (P < 0.01) [rural: 0.66% (2/303); urban: 25.79% (90/349)].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pre- valence of caries in the primary and permanent teeth of 6-year-old children was high. An increasing prevalence tendency was observed as the age increased. The prevalence of first molar caries indicated that prevention and control of dental caries should be performed as early as possible.</p>

Anti-halitosis effect of sugar-free chewing gum / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the anti-halitosis effect of sugar-free chewing gum through their influence on odor induced by cysteine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten volunteers were randomly divided into the treatment group and the untreated group; each group consisted of five volunteers. All volunteers consented to participate in a test in which breath odor was induced by cysteine. After the test, the treatment group chewed sugar-free chewing gum for 1 min, whereas the untreated group did not undergo any treatment. The effectiveness was determined by the percent reduction of H2S, CH3SH, and (CH3)2S response after the volunteers chewed gum for 1, 10, and 20 min.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 1, 10, and 20 min, H2S of the treatment group was reduced by 82.68%, 92.27%, 97.47%, respectively, CH3SH was reduced by 65.49%, 73.79%, and 82.89%, respectively, and (CH3)2S was reduced by 60.45%, 73.82%, and 59.72%, respectively. The differences between the two groups at different times were significant (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chewing gum can effectively inhibit cysteine-induced odor.</p>

Two-year longitudinal investigation of 733 twelve-year-old children's caries status in Sichuan province / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aims to investigate the dental caries status of 12-year-old children (born in 1998) in Sichuan province in 2010 and 2011, monitor the tendency of dental caries, and update available information and scientific basis for oral health care program.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The oral health of 733 twelve-year-old children was surveyed for two consecutive years according to the methods proposed by the World Health Organization. The children were selected using multi-stage, stratified, randomized sampling. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Caries prevalence, DMFT, and DMFS in 12-year-old children were 34.8%, 0.93, and 1.09, respectively, and increased to 44.3%, 1.08, and 1.40 in the following year. The eruption of permanent teeth among females was higher than that of males (P < 0.05). The significant caries index was 2.54 in 2010 and 2.90 in 2011. F/D+F were 4.2% and 6.5% separately. Annual incidence of dental caries was 9.6%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Caries prevalence in the permanent teeth of 12-year-olds is high and worsens as the children age. Despite the high incidence of dental caries, the filling rate is low, hence the need for immediate preventive measures.</p>

Minocycline hydrochloride liposome controlled-release gel improves rat experimental periodontitis / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effects of 2% minocycline hydrochloride liposome controlled-release gel on the periodontitis in an established rat periodontitis model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Biocompatibility was tested by oral perfusion sample solution for long-term observation. Minocycline hydrochloride liposome controlled-release gel was utilized to treat the established rat periodontitis model. The rats were selected randomly and divided into three groups: group A (PERIO-treated group), group B (minocycline hydrochloride liposome controlled-release gel treated group), and group C (negative control group). The gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD) were detected, and the number of mononuclear and broken bone cells were examined after 7, 14, 28, and 56 d.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The minocycline hydrochloride liposome controlled-release gel exhibited excellent biocompatibility based on weight measure and tissue section evaluation. The rats with periodontitis demonstrated that GI, PD, and the number of mononuclear and broken bone cells of group B decreased in 14, 28, and 56 d. Pathological observation showed that new bones and fibers were formed in group B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Minocycline hydrochloride liposome controlled-release gel improves rat periodontitis, thereby providing valuable evidence for clinical application.</p>

Caries status of primary and permanent teeth among 6-year-old children in Sichuan province and their correlation / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate caries status of primary and permanent teeth among 6-year-old children in Sichuan Province and correlation between caries of deciduous molars and first permanent molars.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Referenced to the sampling programme of the third national epidemiological survey of oral health status, a total of 714 children aged 6 were randomly sampled in clusters including 3 urban sampling spots and 3 rural sampling spots, the correlation between caries of deciduous molars and first permanent molars was explored.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence rate of deciduous tooth caries of 6-year-old children in Sichuan province was 74.37%, the mean number of dmft of 6-year-old was 3.94 +/- 3.93, the filling rate was only 4.96%. The prevalence rate and mean dmft of deciduous tooth caries showed no significant difference between different area and gender (P>0.05), however, the children came from city showed significant higher filling rate than those from countryside (P<0.05). The first permanent molars erupted have 2.98% in caries, the filling rate was 7.69%. Caries of deciduous molars was the first permanent molars caries risk factors among 6-year-old children in Sichuan province [P=0.001, r=0.175, OR=5.756, 95%CI (1.733, 19.121)]. There was weak correlation between caries of deciduous molars and first permanent molars (P<0.001, r=0.194).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Caries status of primary among 6-year-old children in Sichuan Province are serious. Caries experience of deciduous molars may play an important role in predicting the first permanent molars caries in clinic and prevention.</p>

The prevalence of permanent caries in adolescent in Sichuan province / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this survey was to obtain some information of the prevalence of dental caries in the youth aged 12, 15 and 18 years of Sichuan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on WHO and national oral health survey standards, dental caries prevalence and treatment needs were investigated randomly in selected young individuals of Sichuan province in 1995.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalent rates of caries of 12-, 15-, and 18-year-old adolescents were 28.47% and 36.40% and 39.54% respectively. The mean DMFT of 12-, 15- and 18-year-old were 0.52, 0.81, and 0.99. There are more pit and fissure caries than smooth caries in the young of 12-year-old than those of 15- and 18-year-old.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Despite improvement can be seen in adolescents' oral health in Sichuan, there remains a proportion of active untreated decays. Some simple prevention programs are needed to stabilize the caries.</p>

ART sealants placed in Chinese school children——Follow up results after 6 years / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To assess whether ART sealants could be applied on children in school environment in China, and to evaluate long term effects of this treatments. Methods:The study was conducted in Deyang, Sichuan Province. Four dentists placed a total of 191 fissure sealants in 140 children in four secondary schools. Standard instruments and procedures for ART were used. The material used was a high-strength glass-ionomer (Ketac-Molara, ESPE). The treatments were evaluated annually by the same dentist who was not involved in the treatment using explorers and mouth-mirrors. Results:The cumulative 1-year, 2-year, 4-year and 6-year complete survival rates of the sealants were 75.4%,62.5%,50.0%,34.6% and the partial or complete retained survival rates were 89.6%, 78.8%, 68.5% and 57.9%. No incidence of new caries was occurred 1 year after ART sealants. The incidence of recurrent caries was very low after 2 and 3 years, which were 1.6% and 2.8% respectively. But there was a high increase of caries 4 years after sealants application. The prevalence of caries were 8.5%,16.1%,15.0% respectively over 4, 5 and 6 years after ART sealants application. Conclusion:The ART approach for preventing teeth caries in school children is effective and acceptable. The 3-year survival rates of the sealant are high with low prevalence of new caries. Six years after sealants application, the result is acceptable though there is a drop of survival rate. New caries is occurred with a highly increased prevalence three years after sealants missing without re-sealant. ART sealant is a simple, acceptable technique and is suitable for widespread application in China.

The effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation combined with acidulated phosphate fluorid treatment on the acid resistance of human enamel / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To study the effect of pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation combined with acidulated phosphate fluorid (APF) on the acid resistance of human dental enamel. Methods: Enamel samples were prepared from 192 caries-free extracted teeth. The smooth surface and pits and fissures were treated with 12 3 g/L APF for 4 minutes after 100,150 or 200 mJ pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation. Then the teeth were put into 12.3 g/L of artificial caries inducing solution (acid solution) for 1,5,10 or 24 h respectively. The control teeth were treated with APF only. The amount of calcium dissolved in the solution was determined with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the depth of artificial caries was measured with polarized microscope. Results: The amount of calcium dissolved in the acid solution was significantly less in the groups with laser treatment than that in those without laser treatment (P

The effect of ART in the prevention of dental caries in Chinese school children / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objectives: To assess the effects of ART in the preventio n of dental caries in school children.Methods: Standard instrument s and procedures of ART were used in 191 fissure seal in 140 children aged 12～1 3 years. The material used was a high-strength glass-ionomer material (Ketac-M olar, ESPE). The treatments were evaluated annually after ART by clinical examin ation.Results: The cumulative 1-,2- and 3-year retention rat es of the sealant were 89.6%,78.8% and 71.9% respectively. The incidence of recu rrent caries 2 years and 3 years after ATR was 1.6% and 2.8% respectively. Conclusion: ART approach for preventing tooth decay in school childre n is effective.

The anticaries efficacy of two fluoride dentifrices:A two-year clinical trial in Chinese children / 实用口腔医学杂志

0.05);they were 2.19?4.12,1.69?3.12 and 1.53?3.09 (P

The effect of laser irradiaton on the acid resistance of smooth surface of human enamel / 实用口腔医学杂志

0.05 ) respectively. Before and after irradiation in the group of 100 mJ, the ratio of G 2+ /P 2+ was 1.667?0.128 and 2.135?0.156( P 0.05 ). Conclusion: The normal pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation alone can not increase acid residence of the enamel.

Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of laser therapy in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity in China / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of laser therapy in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity in China.Methods: The Cochrane reviewer's handbook was followed.Domestic published articles from 1989～2009 were selected by computer and handsearch.All these retrieved study were clinical control trials related to laser therapy in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.The quality of included studies was critically evaluated and data were analyzed by the RevMan 5.0.1 software.Results: A tota1 of 114 articles were selected,but only 9 were included.The results showed that: although the data of immediate efficiency of laser treating dentin hypersensitivity could be combined,significant heterogeneity was found when the other studies' data were pooled.So the data could not be merged,only the descriptive analysis could be used.The immediate efficiency for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity using lasers was higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant[OR=3.83,95%CI(2.86,5.12)],other period of efficacy had a trend which was superior to the control group.Conclusion: Comparing with the control group,the desensitizing of dentin hypersensitivity with laser is more effective.However,because the literature quality of this study is not high,the above conclusion needs to be verified by larger sample-size,rigorously designed,randomized controlled clinical trials.